Temperature Control
Increases soil temperatures by 2–5°C compared to uncovered ground, aiding root growth and seed emergence in moderate climates.
Moisture Preservation
Reduces water loss through evaporation, improving efficiency by 10–30%. Yield increases observed: Rice +47.59%.
Weed Control
Black/dark films limit weed growth with suppression rates reaching 85% even for tough species like sedges.
PHA vs. PE Films
| Metric | PHA (Modified) | PE (Polyethylene) |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | 20–40 MPa (Matches PE after blending) | 30–50 MPa |
| Water Vapor Permeability | 1–2x higher (Better root oxygen) | Low (High humidity retention) |
| Durability | 3–6 months (Adjustable degradation) | 4–8 months (Weather resistant) |
| Environmental Impact | Biodegradable (No removal needed) | Persistent (Requires removal) |
Aiming for Zero White Pollution?
Explore comprehensive strategies on degradation pathways and achieving sustainable farming without plastic residue.
Multi-Layer & Composite Designs
PHA + PCL Dual-Layer
PCL on the outer side provides flexibility and soil contact, while PHA inside ensures breakdown. Creates films ~175 μm thick with 110% transparency.
Composite Strengthening
Combinations with PLA or PBAT increase strength by 30–50%. Techniques like heat pressing and 30 kGy electron beam radiation strengthen bonds.
Film Structure
Composite designs allow precise control over degradation timing (48% in 5 weeks).
Suitability for Organic Farming
Standard Compliance
Meets EN 17033 (90% breakdown into minerals in 2 years) and ASTM D5988 criteria.
Microbial Origin
Favored over petroleum-based alternatives (like PBAT) in Europe for eco-certified crops.
Soil Health
Enhances soil microbes without disrupting structure during breakdown, unlike PE remnants.
Current Challenges
Higher initial costs and variable degradation rates across different soil types require ongoing tests.
"PHA films offer practical benefits for agriculture, ensuring reliable crop support while aligning with environmental goals. Future work focuses on cost reductions and broader field validations."
