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polypropylene PP RESIN

pp homopolymer pph

PP Copolymer ppc

PP random ppr

PP block ppb

PP Impact Copolymer

PP Fiber ppf

glass modified pp

borouge pp

polymer Brands

Sabic
BASF
CELANESE
DUPONT
Ineos
FORMOSA
LG Chem
Borouge
Chi Mei
NatureWorks
LOTTE

Polypropylene pp resin

PP (Polypropylene) granules used for various industrial applications, including injection molding

Polypropylene (PP) Pellets

PP resin is one of the most versatile thermoplastics used in injection molding today. Known for its excellent chemical resistance, high rigidity, and low density, PP is a preferred material across a wide range of industries—from automotive components and household appliances to packaging and piping systems.

Its ease of processing and low cost make it especially attractive for manufacturers looking to scale efficiently. For engineers and procurement professionals, PP offers a strong balance between performance and price—making it a smart choice for durable, high-output production.

CategoryDetails
AppearanceTranslucent to opaque, natural white or slightly milky colors
HS Code39021000
CAS Number9003-07-0
ECHA InfoCard100.117.813
UNII1ASA949VIC
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)DTXSID00872805
Molecular Formula(C3H6)n
Density0.855 g/cm³ (amorphous); 0.946 g/cm³ (crystalline)
Melting Point130 to 171 °C (266 to 340 °F; 403 to 444 K)

Sales Plastics offer polypropylene resin in different grades to suit your needs. Not sure which one is right for you? Just drop us a message with your requirements, and our team will get back to you within 24 hours—faster than you can say “polypropylene” three times in a row!

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Trusted PP Resin Brands We Supply

Partnering with Global Leaders in Polypropylene

We are an authorized distributor of Borouge PP, a globally trusted name in high-performance polyolefins. Borouge offers consistent quality, excellent flow characteristics, and a wide product range certified by ISO, REACH, and other international standards. With stable logistics and reliable inventory, we ensure smooth sourcing for your production needs.

In addition to Borouge, we also work closely with brands like SABIC, Borealis, and Sinopec, giving you access to multiple sourcing options with competitive lead times and global compliance.

Unlock the Full Potential of Polypropylene for Your Production

Explore our complete range of injection-grade PP resins, trusted by engineers and procurement teams worldwide. Tailored supply, global reach, and technical reliability—everything you need in one place.
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Polypropylene Classifications

PP Homopolymer (PPH)

Offers high stiffness, good chemical resistance, and excellent processability. Ideal for rigid parts such as automotive trim, appliance housings, and storage containers. PPH Resin List →

PP Copolymer (PPC)

Blended with ethylene to improve impact resistance. Suitable for products requiring toughness, including pipes, crates, and packaging. PPC Resin List →

PP Random Copolymer (PPR)

Known for good transparency and cold temperature impact resistance. Commonly used in hot and cold water piping and medical containers. PPR Resin List →

Glass-Fiber Reinforced PP

Offers elevated stiffness, heat resistance, and dimensional stability. Excellent for under-the-hood auto parts, electrical housings, and structural components. GF PP Resin →

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Supply Various Grades of PP pellets

Scroll horizontally to view the full table on mobile.

 

Grade No.ManufactuerMFIPropertiesApplication
RE420MOBorouge13DOWNLOADElectronic appliances, toys
RB707CFBorouge1.5DOWNLOADBeverage straws, sheets, extrusion molding applications
RB307MOBorouge1.5DOWNLOADSmall daily necessities injection molded parts
RG568MOBorouge30DOWNLOADCooling boxes, thermos flasks, flower pots, small appliances, syringes
RJ768MOBorouge70DOWNLOADElectronic appliances, automobiles
BJ368MOBorouge70DOWNLOADArticles for daily use
HJ330MOBorouge70DOWNLOAD 
BD265MOBorouge7DOWNLOAD 
BD950MOBorouge7DOWNLOADPackaging tools, containers
BH975MOBorouge38DOWNLOADShells, cups, shield
BF970MOBorouge20DOWNLOADSealed appliances, toys
RA140EBorouge0.3DOWNLOADFood, medical containers
RA150EBorouge0.3DOWNLOADBottle caps, containers, household items
H030SGReliance3.4DOWNLOADRigid packaging, food containers
H110MAReliance11DOWNLOADFurniture, shells, shield
H200MAReliance25DOWNLOADSporting goods, toys
J-580SLOTTE35DOWNLOADContainers, packaging boxes, furniture
JM-350LOTTE10DOWNLOADToys, containers, sporting goods
SJ-170TLOTTE28DOWNLOADFurniture, daily supplies
R200PHyosung0.25DOWNLOADHousehold supplies, packaging, shells, shield
RP2400Yuhwa0.25DOWNLOADPallets, buckets
HG385MOBorouge25DOWNLOADScrew caps, bottle caps, hinge caps, thick parts
HC205TFBorouge4DOWNLOADContainers, lids, package, dairy containers

PP-R (Polypropylene Random Copolymer) is produced by randomly copolymerizing propylene with a small amount of ethylene, enhancing flexibility and heat resistance. View All

Grade No.ManufactuerMFIPropertiesApplication
RD265CFBorouge8DOWNLOADMetallisable cast film, Multilayer co-extrustioni film
RD208CFBorouge8DOWNLOADLamination film, Cast film, Stretch film, textile packaging,sealing layer for co-extrustion
RD239CFBorouge8DOWNLOADLamination tubes, Stationery film, textile packaging,tissue layer film
RE420MOBorouge13DOWNLOADPails, Food containers, lids, drinking water bottles
RG568MOBorouge30DOWNLOADHinged closures, pumps and closure assemblies, food container,media packags
RJ768MOBorouge70DOWNLOADHousehold items, thin wall products, caps
RJ766MOBorouge70DOWNLOADHousehold items, thin wall products, caps
RF825MO-12BOROUGE20DOWNLOADDisposable diagnostic equipment, medical needles, connecting catheters
RF830MO-12BOROUGE20DOWNLOADMedical needles, connecting catheters
RJ880MO-12BOROUGE45DOWNLOADBoxes, bottle caps, medical care supplies
R200PHYOSUNG0.25DOWNLOADHot and cold water pipe
RP2400YUHWA0.25DOWNLOADPressure pipes, hot water and floor heating pipes
PPR3221Total1.8DOWNLOADCosmetics packaging, daily necessities packaging, consumables
PPR7220Total10DOWNLOADCosmetic bottle caps, household items
RC5003POLYMIRAE13DOWNLOADHousehold items, containers, vases
R3410LG7DOWNLOAD 
R680SSK28DOWNLOADTransparent tape, laminate, food packaging applications
BH3820SK28DOWNLOADIndustrial applications, automotive applications, electrical appliances
SM198LOTTE1.6DOWNLOADContainers, lids, plates, structural parts
SM488LOTTE20DOWNLOADContainers, storage containers, baby bottles, medical care products, household products
SM498LOTTE20DOWNLOADContainers, packaging, bottles, large products
SM598LOTTE30DOWNLOADStorage container, thin wall container
9074EDExxonMobil24DOWNLOADMedical packaging, hypodermic syringe components, medical applications
4935Sabic0.3DOWNLOADIndustrial applications
QR6701KSabic10DOWNLOADTransparent Household items and package, caps,electrical appliance
QR6731KSabic25DOWNLOADTransparent Household items and package, caps,electrical appliance
QR6711KSabic45DOWNLOADHousehold items, thin wall products, caps
3140NNIRPC11DOWNLOADBaby bottles, microwave containers, injection stretch blow molding applications
3342RIRPC20DOWNLOADFood containers, storage boxes, household items
3342MIRPC9DOWNLOADContainers, bottles, storage boxes, household items, transparent parts
3375RMIRPC24DOWNLOADWaterproof canvas, BOPP film, paper coating, extrusion coating supplies
K4510IRPC10DOWNLOADBaby bottles, household items
K4510BIRPC10DOWNLOADFood containers, household items
K4510ETIRPC10DOWNLOADDisposable syringes, medical devices, household products
K4527IRPC27DOWNLOADHousehold items
K4527BIRPC27DOWNLOADHousehold items
K4527ETIRPC27DOWNLOADDisposable syringes, medical devices
K4527GRIRPC27DOWNLOADDisposable syringes, medical devices, household products

PP-H (Polypropylene Homopolymer) is completely made of propylene polymerization, has good high temperature resistance, and can be used in a temperature environment of 80℃-90℃. View All

Grade No.ManufactuerMFIPropertiesApplication
H540LG8DOWNLOADAuto parts, electrical appliances
H1500LG12DOWNLOADElectronic appliances, toys
H930FSK3.5DOWNLOADBeverage straws, sheets, extrusion molding applications
HP500NArak12DOWNLOADSmall daily necessities injection molded parts
HP502NArak12DOWNLOADCooling boxes, thermos flasks, flower pots, syringes
2100NORPIC11DOWNLOADElectronic appliances, automobiles
1100NORPIC12DOWNLOADArticles for daily use，appliance parts
130400000Exxon11DOWNLOADPackaging tools, containers
136400Exxon12DOWNLOADShells, cups, shield，agricultural applications
6431Basell7.5DOWNLOADSealed appliances, toys
HP400MBasell7.5DOWNLOADFood, medical containers
HP400HBasell2DOWNLOADBottle caps, containers, household items
HP401HBasell2.2DOWNLOADRigid packaging, food containers
HP502NBasell11DOWNLOADFurniture, shells, shield
6331Basell12DOWNLOADSporting goods, toys
HP500NBasell12DOWNLOADContainers, packaging boxes, furniture
HP602NBasell12DOWNLOADToys, containers, sporting goods
HP401RBasell25DOWNLOADFurniture, daily supplies，automotive parts
HJ333MOBorouge70DOWNLOADHousehold supplies, packaging, shells, shield
HE120MOBorouge12DOWNLOADPallets, buckets，Extrusion, pipes, sheets, structural parts
HG385MOBorouge25DOWNLOADScrew caps, bottle caps, hinge caps, thick parts
HC205TFBorouge4DOWNLOADContainers, lids, package, dairy containers
HJ4006KPIC6DOWNLOADMicrowave tray, food storage bin，small appliances
HJ4012KPIC12DOWNLOADMicrowave tray, food storage bin，Packaging films
4017KPIC8.5DOWNLOADHome appliance, industrial components
4017MKPIC14DOWNLOADElectrical parts, industrial parts，industrial textiles
HJ4045KPIC45DOWNLOADHousehold goods, electronics and appliance
6431TITAN7.5DOWNLOADAirtight container, toys， high-stiffness components
6331TITAN14DOWNLOADHousewares，Packaging, consumer goods, general molding
570PSabic8DOWNLOADHard packaging, daily necessities, sealed injection mold
5702PSabic9DOWNLOADContainers, furniture, toys
575PSabic11DOWNLOADHard packaging, sealed injection mold
J700NHYOSUNG11DOWNLOADDaily supplies, packaging bag

Impact PP copolymer(PP-Impact) is a thermoplastic polymerized from propylene using a Ziegler-Natta catalyst system, offering enhanced toughness and impact resistance. View All

Grade No.ManufactuerMFIPropertiesApplication
BJ368MOBorouge70DOWNLOADArticles for daily use
BD265MOBorouge7DOWNLOAD 
BD950MOBorouge7DOWNLOADPackaging tools, containers
BH975MOBorouge38DOWNLOADShells, cups, shield
BF970MOBorouge20DOWNLOADSealed appliances, toys
JM-350LOTTE10DOWNLOADToys, containers, sporting goods
BE961MOBorouge12DOWNLOADFurniture, daily supplies
36MK10Sabic5.5DOWNLOADHousehold supplies, packaging, shield
RP2400Yuhwa0.25DOWNLOADPallets, buckets

Short Glass Modified PP is a polypropylene (PP) composite reinforced with Short Glass Fiber (SGF) for improved strength and rigidity.View All

Grade No.ManufactuerMFIPropertiesApplication
H1030SABIC8DOWNLOADDeveloped for E&E and automotive injection molded applications
H1025SABIC8DOWNLOADDeveloped for E&E and automotive injection molded applications
H1015SABIC15DOWNLOADDeveloped for E&E and automotive injection molded applications
H1200SABIC13DOWNLOADInjection molded applications
8500CSABIC10DOWNLOADInjection molding
7451BSABIC20DOWNLOADInjection molding
8620ASABIC21DOWNLOADInjection molding
8620SABIC23DOWNLOADInjection molding
8520USABIC25DOWNLOADAutomotive exterior applications
8611ASABIC34DOWNLOADInjection molding
8611PSABIC37DOWNLOADInjection molding
CX03B81SABIC10DOWNLOADAesthetic automotive interior parts
9712SABIC14DOWNLOADAutomotive interior applications
CX0281SABIC15DOWNLOADAesthetic automotive interior parts
3720ESABIC18DOWNLOADNon – aesthetic automotive interior parts
9120SABIC21DOWNLOADAesthetic automotive interior parts
G3240ASABIC11DOWNLOADUnder – the – hood and structural applications
G3230ASABIC12DOWNLOADDesigned to combine a good performance profile with fast processing
G3230AESABIC12DOWNLOADCombines good performance profile with fast processing, low emission values
G3220ASABIC17DOWNLOADCombines a good performance profile with fast processing
G3135XSABIC1.2DOWNLOADAir inlet manifolds
G3225UXSABIC3DOWNLOADPool filter housings
55T1040SABIC3DOWNLOADGeneral purpose injection molding applications
55T1030SABIC4DOWNLOADdashboard carriers and other dashboard components
S3625SABIC6DOWNLOADAutomotive interior applications
15T1030SABIC6DOWNLOADUnder – the – hood such as heating, ventilation and air conditioning housings
15T1020SABIC7DOWNLOADUnder – the – hood such as heating, ventilation and air conditioning housings
31T1010SABIC11DOWNLOADGeneral purpose injection molding applications
G3230XSABIC12DOWNLOADUnder – the – hood and structural applications
37T1020SABIC13DOWNLOADSpecially developed for automotive interior parts such as column cladding and door panels
19T1020SABIC18DOWNLOADGeneral purpose injection molding applications
19T1040SABIC18DOWNLOADInjection molded applications requiring a very high modulus and high thermal stability
19T1030SABIC19DOWNLOADGeneral purpose injection molding applications

Long Glass Modified PP is a polypropylene (PP) composite reinforced with Long Glass Fiber (LGF) for improved strength, rigidity, and impact resistance. View All

Grade No.ManufactuerMFIPropertiesApplication
30YH515SABICN/ADOWNLOADSpecially developed for electrical & electronic injection molded applications
30YH530SABICN/ADOWNLOADDeveloped for E&E and automotive injection molded applications
20YM240SABICN/ADOWNLOADInterior and under-the-hood applications such as door structures
30YM240SABICN/ADOWNLOADInterior and under-the-hood applications such as door structures
30YM243SABICN/ADOWNLOADInterior and under-the-hood applications such as door structures
40YM240SABICN/ADOWNLOADInterior and under-the-hood applications such as door structures
40YM243SABICN/ADOWNLOADInterior and under-the-hood applications such as door structures
20YK270SABICN/ADOWNLOADAutomotive interior injection molded applications such as IP
30YK270SABICN/ADOWNLOADAutomotive interior injection molded applications such as IP
60YM240SABICN/ADOWNLOADSpecially developed for dilution with SABIC PP homopolymer
60YM241SABICN/ADOWNLOADSpecially developed for dilution with SABIC PP copolymer
60YK270SABICN/ADOWNLOADSpecially developed for dilution with SABIC PP copolymer

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Polypropylene resin FAQs

What is polypropylene

Definition of Polypropylene

Polypropylene (PP) — commonly known by its abbreviation PP — is a synthetic resin produced through the polymerization of propylene monomers. As a member of the polyolefin family and a semi-crystalline thermoplastic, polypropylene offers a unique combination of durability, chemical resistance, and versatility. Thanks to its efficient polymerization process and adaptable properties, PP is widely used across industries such as injection molding, packaging, automotive manufacturing, textiles, and medical devices. For engineers and buyers, PP remains a go-to material for reliable, cost-effective production.

Properties and Applications

One of the standout features of polypropylene is its high melting point, such as microwave-safe food containers and medical instruments. Its low density allows for lightweight yet robust products, while its chemical resistance makes it a preferred material in industrial settings. Polypropylene is available in two primary forms: homopolymer and copolymer. Homopolymer PP offers superior strength and stiffness, making it suitable for rigid products like plastic chairs and storage containers. Copolymer PP, on the other hand, provides enhanced impact resistance, ideal for automotive components and flexible packaging. Globally, this material is recognized under various names, such as polypropenplast and polipropileno, highlighting its extensive use across different markets.

Polypropylene in Everyday Life

From household items like reusable shopping bags and storage bins to industrial applications such as ropes and battery casings, its versatility is evident. In the medical sector, polypropylene is commonly used in syringes, surgical instruments, and protective masks due to its biocompatibility and sterility. It’s highly recyclable, making it a material in eco-friendly initiatives.

What Makes Polypropylene a Safe Choice?

One of the primary reasons polypropylene (PP) is regarded as a safe and non-toxic plastic is its absence of BPA (Bisphenol A), a chemical found in certain plastics that has raised health concerns. Thanks to its chemical stability, PP does not release harmful substances when used appropriately, making it a trusted material for food packaging, baby bottles, and medical supplies. PP resistance to moisture and chemicals further ensures durability and safety, preventing degradation or toxin release under normal conditions.

Is Polypropylene Safe for Food and Microwaves?

Polypropylene designed for microwave use can typically endure temperatures between -20°C to 120°C (-4°F to 248°F), with some modified pp capable of withstanding up to 140°C (284°F) or higher. Its high melting point and heat stability make it a practical choice for food storage containers, microwave-safe dishes, and reusable water bottles. However, it’s essential to check for manufacturer guidelines to ensure safe usage.

Environmental and Health Considerations for Polypropylene

As one of the most commonly recycled plastics, polypropylene helps reduce environmental impact. Free from additives like BPA and phthalates, it offers a safer alternative for both consumers and ecosystems. While PP is non-toxic under normal conditions, improper disposal or incineration can generate harmful emissions. Therefore, recycling remains the most sustainable method to manage its use and disposal effectively.

What Is the Melting Point of Polypropylene?

Polypropylene (PP) melting point typically falls within the range of 130°C to 171°C (266°F to 340°F), depending on its type and manufacturing process. The exact temperature at which polypropylene melts varies based on its molecular structure and composition.

There are two primary types of polypropylene, each exhibiting distinct melting characteristics:

  • Homopolymer Polypropylene: This is the most commonly used form, consisting solely of propylene monomers. It has a higher melting point, generally between 160°C and 171°C (320°F to 340°F), making it well-suited for heat-resistant applications such as microwave-safe containers and piping systems.
  • Copolymer Polypropylene: This variant incorporates other monomers, such as ethylene, to improve impact resistance and flexibility. Copolymer PP has a lower melting point, typically between 130°C and 160°C (266°F to 320°F), making it ideal for food packaging and automotive components.

Additional factors influencing polypropylene’s melting behavior include additives, crystallinity, and processing techniques. For instance, reinforced polypropylene containing fillers like glass fibers may exhibit slightly altered thermal properties.

Polypropylene’s Glass Transition Temperature

Polypropylene also has a glass transition temperature (Tg), which refers to the temperature range at which the material shifts from a rigid, glass-like state to a more pliable, rubber-like form. For polypropylene, this temperature is typically around –10°C to 0°C (14°F to 32°F). Below this range, the material becomes more brittle, which is a critical factor for applications exposed to extreme cold.

Why Is Polypropylene’s Melting Point Important?

  • Heat Resistance: Products exposed to high temperatures, such as medical sterilization equipment or dishwasher-safe containers, must be made from materials with stable thermal properties.
  • Processing and Manufacturing: The melting temperature determines how polypropylene can be molded, extruded, or welded in industrial applications.
  • Recycling Considerations: Proper recycling of polypropylene requires knowledge of its thermal properties to prevent degradation and ensure material reusability.

Polypropylene in the Packaging Industry

Food Containers and Packaging: PP’s resistance to chemicals and heat makes it ideal for microwave-safe containers, yogurt cups, and takeaway packaging.
Bottles and Caps: Known for its durability, PP is used to mold lightweight bottles and secure caps.
Flexible Packaging Films: PP films are used in packaging for snacks, labels, and various materials, as they provide an effective barrier against moisture and stains.

Automotive
Interior Components: PP’s durability and impact resistance make it perfect for dashboards, door panels, and seat covers.
Battery Casings: Its chemical resistance ensures PP is a suitable material for protective battery casings.
Bumpers and Exterior Parts: The impact resistance of PP makes it ideal for automotive bumpers and trims.

Medical and Healthcare
Syringes and IV Components: PP is non-toxic and heat-resistant, making it ideal for use in syringes and IV tubing.
Surgical Instruments and Trays: Many disposable surgical tools and hospital trays are made from PP because of its cost-effectiveness and sterility.
Protective Masks and Medical Textiles: Nonwoven PP fibers are used in surgical masks, protective clothing, and disposable hygiene products.

Household and Consumer Goods
Storage Containers and Boxes: Thanks to its lightweight and sturdy nature, PP is ideal for home organization solutions.
Furniture and Home Decor: Many plastic chairs, tables, and decorative pieces are crafted from polypropylene.
Reusable Bags and Textiles: PP fibers are used in nonwoven shopping bags, carpets, and ropes due to their strength and abrasion resistance.

Industrial and Construction 
Pipes and Pipe Components: Widely used for piping, PP offers resistance to corrosion and chemical degradation.
Electrical Insulation: Its insulating properties make polypropylene a popular choice for various electrical components.
3D Printing and Manufacturing: PP is increasingly used in 3D printing to produce durable, flexible prototypes and industrial parts.

1. Homopolymer Polypropylene (PP-H)

Homopolymer polypropylene is the most commonly used form of polypropylene. It is produced by polymerizing only propylene monomers.

  • Packaging: Food containers, bottles, and packaging films.
  • Automotive Parts: Interior components such as dashboards, door panels, and trims.
  • Industrial Applications: Storage tanks, pipes, and chemical containers.
 

2. Copolymer Polypropylene (PP-C)

Copolymer polypropylene is produced by combining propylene with another monomer, typically ethylene. The two main types of copolymer polypropylene are random copolymers and block copolymers, each having different molecular structures that influence their properties.

Random Copolymer (PP-R): In this type, the ethylene units are randomly distributed along the polypropylene chain. PP-R offers improved impact resistance, especially at lower temperatures, compared to homopolymer PP. It is commonly used in applications such as:

  • Food packaging
  • Medical products (syringes, vials)
  • Consumer goods

Block Copolymer (PP-B): In block copolymers, ethylene is present in blocks, rather than randomly arranged, which provides a better balance of rigidity and impact resistance. This type of polypropylene is often used for:

  • Automotive parts (bumpers, door trims)
  • Home appliances (washing machine parts, refrigerators)
  • Construction materials
 

3. Impact Copolymer Polypropylene (PP-Impact)

Impact copolymer polypropylene is a modified version of PP-C, designed specifically for enhanced impact resistance. It is made by polymerizing propylene with ethylene, but with a specific focus on improving the material’s toughness and resistance to cracking under stress. PP-impact is commonly used in applications requiring high strength and durability, such as:

  • Automotive exterior parts (bumpers, body panels)
  • Industrial containers and packaging
    Heavy-duty storage solutions
  • Impact copolymer polypropylene combines the rigidity of homopolymer PP with improved impact resistance, making it suitable for both structural and high-impact applications.
 

4. Polypropylene Fiber (PPF)

Polypropylene fiber is processed into fine threads or filaments. Some applications include:

  • Carpets and rugs: Due to its durability and stain resistance.
  • Geotextiles: For soil reinforcement and drainage applications.
  • Protective clothing: Including medical textiles such as gowns and masks.
 

5. Expanded Polypropylene (EPP)

Expanded polypropylene (EPP) is created by heating polypropylene beads, which expand and form a foam structure. Such as:

  • Packaging: Protective packaging for fragile goods and electronics.
  • Automotive: For use in bumpers and interior components.
  • Sports equipment: Helmets, padding, and protective gear.

1. Solvent Polymerization

Solvent polymerization involves polymerizing propylene with a solvent to control temperature, pressure, and polymer formation.

Steps:

  1. Prepare feedstock: Mix propylene with a solvent (e.g., chlorinated olefins).
  2. Add catalyst: Introduce a catalyst (e.g., aluminum trifluoride or Ziegler-Natta).
  3. Polymerization: Under controlled conditions, propylene polymerizes into polypropylene.
  4. Polymer separation: Extract the polypropylene by solvent evaporation.
  5. Dry and process: Dry and pelletize the polypropylene for use.

2. Solution Polymerization

Solution polymerization dissolves propylene in a solvent and uses a catalyst to initiate polymerization.

Steps:

  1. Dissolve propylene: Dissolve propylene in a solvent to ensure even polymerization.
  2. Add catalyst: Add a catalyst (e.g., Ziegler-Natta or metallocene).
  3. Polymerization: Control temperature and pressure for polymerization.
  4. Separation and recovery: Separate polypropylene and recover the solvent.
  5. Dry and pelletize: Dry and cut polypropylene into granules.

3. Liquid Phase Bulk Method

The liquid phase method uses high pressure and temperature to polymerize propylene with a catalyst in liquid form.

Steps:

  1. Prepare propylene: Use liquid propylene under high pressure.
  2. Add catalyst: Add a catalyst (e.g., Ziegler-Natta or metallocene).
  3. Polymerization: Polymerization occurs under controlled temperature and pressure.
  4. Separation: Filter and centrifuge to remove unreacted propylene.
  5. Dry and pelletize: Dry and pelletize the polypropylene.

4. Gas Phase Bulk Method

The gas phase method polymerizes propylene gas in a fluidized bed reactor with a catalyst.

Steps:

  1. Prepare propylene gas: Heat propylene to create a gas.
  2. Activate catalyst: Add a catalyst (e.g., Ziegler-Natta or metallocene) to the reactor.
  3. Polymerization: Polymerize propylene in the gas phase in the reactor.
  4. Polymer deposition: Polypropylene forms and deposits on particles in the reactor.
  5. Separation and cooling: Separate and cool the polymer.
  6. Process and pelletize: Dry and pelletize the polypropylene.
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